Rare Diseases

Biography

Biography: Hamid Reza Edraki

Abstract

A practical hands-on approach to the use of MRI techniques is provided to promote further fetal pathological conditions and methods of prenatal MRI diagnosis through the available literature revision. Apart from the findings and artifacts and numerous high-quality illustrations, the implications of fetal MRI based on medico-legal and ethical viewpoints has significantly considered. MRI of fetus will be done in the second and third trimester of pregnancy since fetus in the first trimester and intravenous contrast study is not applicable for the fetal MRI. Fetal age (Gestational Age: GA) is an important factor in the depiction of fetal anatomy. Gestational age is estimated on the basis of the time of the last menstrual period, placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta hemorrhage or hematoma. Oligoamnios or hydroamnios are detected in standard study of fetal MRI as well as the detection of congenital deformity and delay of growth (IUGR ) which named equele to disease is the main and unique approach through the surveillance: CNS (brain and spine), abdominal and pelvic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular. Sequences are based on (Fiesta, SPARE -SS-TSE T2, FSE T2, DWI and T1 FLAIR). It is advised for the metabolic disorder, MR spectroscopy is indicated as brain study in MRI in the following relevant cases: Hydrocephalus-Agenesis of corpus callosum, atrophy, hypoxemia, cyst, tumor. Chiari malformation-Dandy walker cyst, Leukoencephalopathy, tumor (Meduloblastoma, papilloma, glioma, ependymoma), colloid cyst, germinoma, Dermoid, epidermoid, lissencephaly, schizencephaly and holoprosencephaly. For the functional MRI or BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent), MRI was applied. Of 137 women, 100 (60%-70%) were diagnosed with rare cerebral diseases. History of congenital genetically disorders in familial marriages, presents approved finding of brain lesions in USG or sonography screening study.